computablegenomix

What’s the norm in normalization? A frightening note on the use of RT-qPCR in the livestock science

Reverse-Transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) offers a precious device to check gene expression with beautiful sensitivity. To retain its inferential energy, user-introduced technical variability have to be decreased and accounted for. Deciding on a set of stably expressed inside management genes (ICG), validated for every experimental situation/pattern set, is broadly accepted as a dependable approach to normalize RT-qPCR knowledge and account for mentioned variability. Regardless of important efforts in establishing standardized and resource-efficient normalization approaches, quite a few current reviews have underlined deficiencies within the state of RT-qPCR normalization.
Livestock science has benefitted tremendously from using RT-qPCR; nevertheless, the problem of lack of correct normalization seemingly impacts this self-discipline as properly. We thus determined to find out whether or not that is true, and to which extent. We performed an in-depth evaluation of all (225) RT-qPCR articles printed within the six most distinguished livestock journals within the subject from 2013 to 2017.
A quantitative scale was constructed, and values have been assigned to every article primarily based on the variety of ICG used, using a publicly out there algorithm to evaluate the reliability of ICG, and the reporting of pertinent data associated to ICG (ranges from 0 = complete noncompliance – to 100 = complete compliance).
Out of the surveyed group, solely 10.7% of the publications obtained a rating of 100, whereas the most important group (n = 158) was represented by articles that scored 0. Subdividing articles primarily based on whether or not an algorithm to validate ICG was used (YAL) or not (NAL) revealed using a bigger variety of ICG to normalize RT-qPCR within the YAL group in comparison with NAL (1.4-fold extra, 95% C.I.: 1.11-1.84) and was nearer to the “gold customary” of three ICG.
Utilizing an algorithm additionally elevated the range of ICG and considerably decreased using RNA18S, whose suitability as ICG has been completely debated. These remarkably low normalization requirements are prone to generate questionable outcomes that may severely hinder the advance of transcriptomic research in livestock science and associated fields.

Enchancment of a New Internally Managed One-Step Precise-Time RT-PCR for the Molecular Detection of Enterovirus A71 in Africa and Madagascar

 

Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) is a primary motive behind hand-foot-and-mouth sickness (HFMD) and could also be associated to excessive neurological issues. EV-A71 strains could also be categorised into seven genogroups, A-H, on the premise of the VP1 capsid protein gene sequence. Genogroup A accommodates the prototype strain; genogroups B and C are accountable of major outbreaks worldwide, nevertheless little is assumed regarding the others, considerably genogroups E and F, which have been simply currently acknowledged in Africa and Madagascar, respectively. The circulation of EV-A71 throughout the African space is poorly acknowledged and probably underestimated. A quick and explicit assay for detecting all genogroups of EV-A71 is required.

 

On this analysis, we developed a real-time RT-PCR assay with a aggressive inside administration (IC). The primers and TaqMan probe significantly purpose the genomic space encoding the VP1 capsid protein. Numerous EV-A71 RNAs have been effectively amplified from the genogroups A, B, C, D, E, and F, with associated sensitivity and durable reproducibility. Neither cross response with totally different EVs nor major interference with the aggressive IC was detected. Experimentally spiked stool and plasma specimens provided fixed and reproducible outcomes, and validated the usefulness of the IC for demonstrating the presence of PCR inhibitors in samples.

 

The analysis in an African laboratories group of 1889 untyped enterovirus isolates detected 15 EV-A71 of varied genogroups. This explicit real-time RT-PCR assay provides a robust and delicate method for the detection of EV-A71 in natural specimens and for the epidemiological monitoring of EV-A71 along with its simply currently discovered genogroups.

 

Routine blood analysis enormously reduces the false-negative price of RT-PCR testing for Covid-19

 Background: The COVID-19 outbreak is now a pandemic sickness reaching as rather a lot as 210 nations worldwide with larger than 2.5 million contaminated people and nearly 200.000 deaths. Amplification of viral RNA by RT-PCR represents the gold regular for affirmation of an an infection, but it surely confirmed false-negative prices as big as 15-20% which might jeopardize the influence of the restrictive measures taken by governments. We beforehand confirmed that quite a lot of hematological parameters have been significantly fully totally different between COVID-19 optimistic and unfavourable victims. Amongst them aspartate aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase had predictive values as big as 90%. Thus a mixture of RT-PCR and blood checks may in the reduction of the false-negative price of the genetic examine.

 

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 24 victims displaying quite a lot of and inconsistent RT-PCR, examine all through their first hospitalization interval, and in distinction the genetic checks outcomes with their AST and LDH ranges.

Outcomes: We confirmed that when considering the hematological parameters, the RT-PCR false-negative prices have been lowered by almost 4-fold.

 

Conclusions: The analysis represents a preliminary work aiming on the expansion of strategies that, by combining RT-PCR checks with routine blood checks, will lower and even abolish the pace of RT-PCR false-negative outcomes and thus will set up, with extreme accuracy, victims contaminated by COVID-19.

 

A model new multiplex real-time PCR assay to boost the prognosis of shellfish regulated parasites of the genus Marteilia and Bonamia

Aquaculture along with shellfish manufacturing is an important meals helpful useful resource worldwide which is particularly weak to infectious diseases. Marteiliarefringens, Bonamiaostreae and Bonamiaexitiosa are regulated protozoan parasites infecting flat oysters Ostreaedulis which might be endemic in Europe.

 

Although some PCR assays have been already developed for his or her detection, a correct validation to guage the performances of those devices is often lacking. With a goal to facilitate the prognosis of flat oyster regulated diseases, we now have developed and evaluated a model new multiplex Taqman® PCR allowing the detection of every M. refringens and Bonamia sp. parasites in a single step. First part of this work consisted in assessing analytical sensitivity and specificity of the model new PCR assay.

computablegenomix
computablegenomix

Then, diagnostic performances have been assessed by testing a panel of self-discipline samples with the model new real-time PCR and in the mean time actually useful customary PCR methods for the detection of M. refringens and Bonamia sp.

Samples have been collected from the first flat oyster manufacturing web sites in France (N = 386 for M. refringens and N = 349 for B. ostreae). Throughout the absence of gold regular, diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the model new PCR have been estimated by way of Bayesian latent class analysis (DSe 87,2% and DSp 98,4% for the detection M. refringens, DSe 77,5% and DSp 98,4% for the detection of Bonamia sp.).

 

These outcomes suggest equal performances for the detection of Bonamia sp. and an improved sensitivity for the detection of M. refringens compared with typically used customary protocols.

 

Lastly, the model new PCR was evaluated throughout the context of an inter-laboratory comparability analysis along with 17 European laboratories. Outcomes revealed a wonderful reproducibility with a worldwide accordance (intra-laboratory precision) >96% and a worldwide concordance (inter-laboratory precision) >93% for every targets, demonstrating that this new instrument is properly transferable to fully totally different laboratory settings. That’s the first assay designed to detect every Marteiliarefringens and Bonamia sp. in a singlestep and it ought to allow reducing the number of analysis to look at every diseases, and the place associated to point out freedom from an an infection.

 

Phosphocreatine (PCr) Antibody

20-abx132173
  • EUR 526.80
  • EUR 159.60
  • EUR 1528.80
  • EUR 727.20
  • EUR 410.40
  • 100 ug
  • 10 ug
  • 1 mg
  • 200 ug
  • 50 ug

Phosphocreatine (PCr) CLIA Kit

20-abx490605
  • EUR 10131.60
  • EUR 5396.40
  • EUR 1243.20
  • 10 × 96 tests
  • 5 × 96 tests
  • 96 tests

Phosphocreatine (PCr) ELISA Kit

20-abx258965
  • EUR 9324.00
  • EUR 4964.40
  • EUR 1149.60
  • 10 × 96 tests
  • 5 × 96 tests
  • 96 tests

General Phosphocreatine (PCr) ELISA Kit

CEV808Ge-10x96wellstestplate 10x96-wells test plate
EUR 6698.82
Description: This is Competitive Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of General Phosphocreatine (PCr) in serum, plasma and other biological fluids.

General Phosphocreatine (PCr) ELISA Kit

CEV808Ge-1x48wellstestplate 1x48-wells test plate
EUR 656.84
Description: This is Competitive Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of General Phosphocreatine (PCr) in serum, plasma and other biological fluids.

General Phosphocreatine (PCr) ELISA Kit

CEV808Ge-1x96wellstestplate 1x96-wells test plate
EUR 886.92
Description: This is Competitive Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of General Phosphocreatine (PCr) in serum, plasma and other biological fluids.

General Phosphocreatine (PCr) ELISA Kit

CEV808Ge-5x96wellstestplate 5x96-wells test plate
EUR 3631.14
Description: This is Competitive Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of General Phosphocreatine (PCr) in serum, plasma and other biological fluids.

General Phosphocreatine (PCr) ELISA Kit

4-CEV808Ge
  • EUR 6759.60
  • EUR 3571.20
  • EUR 888.00
  • 10 plates of 96 wells
  • 5 plates of 96 wells
  • 1 plate of 96 wells
Description: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on the Competitive Inhibition method for detection of General Phosphocreatine (PCr) in samples from serum, plasma and other biological fluids with no significant corss-reactivity with analogues from other species.

General Phosphocreatine ELISA Kit (PCr)

RK00700 96 Tests
EUR 687.6

ELISA kit for General PCr (Phosphocreatine)

ELK8254 1 plate of 96 wells
EUR 446.4
Description: A competitive Inhibition ELISA kit for detection of Phosphocreatine from General in samples from blood, serum, plasma, cell culture fluid and other biological fluids.

Phosphocreatine (PCr) Polyclonal Antibody (Pan-species)

4-PAV808Ge01
  • EUR 308.40
  • EUR 3201.60
  • EUR 793.20
  • EUR 388.80
  • EUR 261.60
  • 100ul
  • 10ml
  • 1ml
  • 200ul
  • 20ul
Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Pan-species Phosphocreatine (PCr)

Phosphocreatine (PCr) Polyclonal Antibody (Pan-species), PE

4-PAV808Ge01-PE
  • EUR 369.60
  • EUR 3374.40
  • EUR 951.60
  • EUR 466.80
  • EUR 240.00
  • 100ul
  • 10ml
  • 1ml
  • 200ul
  • 20ul
Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Pan-species Phosphocreatine (PCr). This antibody is labeled with PE.

Phosphocreatine (PCr) Polyclonal Antibody (Pan-species), APC

4-PAV808Ge01-APC
  • EUR 432.00
  • EUR 4189.20
  • EUR 1159.20
  • EUR 553.20
  • EUR 270.00
  • 100ul
  • 10ml
  • 1ml
  • 200ul
  • 20ul
Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Pan-species Phosphocreatine (PCr). This antibody is labeled with APC.

Phosphocreatine (PCr) Polyclonal Antibody (Pan-species), Cy3

4-PAV808Ge01-Cy3
  • EUR 526.80
  • EUR 5535.60
  • EUR 1496.40
  • EUR 687.60
  • EUR 310.80
  • 100ul
  • 10ml
  • 1ml
  • 200ul
  • 20ul
Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Pan-species Phosphocreatine (PCr). This antibody is labeled with Cy3.

Phosphocreatine (PCr) Polyclonal Antibody (Pan-species), HRP

4-PAV808Ge01-HRP
  • EUR 394.80
  • EUR 3650.40
  • EUR 1024.80
  • EUR 499.20
  • EUR 254.40
  • 100ul
  • 10ml
  • 1ml
  • 200ul
  • 20ul
Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Pan-species Phosphocreatine (PCr). This antibody is labeled with HRP.

Phosphocreatine (PCr) Polyclonal Antibody (Pan-species), FITC

4-PAV808Ge01-FITC
  • EUR 369.60
  • EUR 3374.40
  • EUR 951.60
  • EUR 466.80
  • EUR 240.00
  • 100ul
  • 10ml
  • 1ml
  • 200ul
  • 20ul
Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Pan-species Phosphocreatine (PCr). This antibody is labeled with FITC.

Phosphocreatine (disodium)

HY-D0885B 100mg
EUR 129.6

Phosphocreatine (PCr) Polyclonal Antibody (Pan-species), APC-Cy7

4-PAV808Ge01-APC-Cy7
  • EUR 721.20
  • EUR 8234.40
  • EUR 2175.60
  • EUR 963.60
  • EUR 397.20
  • 100ul
  • 10ml
  • 1ml
  • 200ul
  • 20ul
Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Pan-species Phosphocreatine (PCr). This antibody is labeled with APC-Cy7.

Phosphocreatine (PCr) Polyclonal Antibody (Pan-species), Biotinylated

4-PAV808Ge01-Biotin
  • EUR 386.40
  • EUR 3141.60
  • EUR 920.40
  • EUR 475.20
  • EUR 267.60
  • 100ul
  • 10ml
  • 1ml
  • 200ul
  • 20ul
Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Pan-species Phosphocreatine (PCr). This antibody is labeled with Biotin.

Phosphocreatine disodium salt

B7648-25 25 mg
EUR 235.2

OVA Conjugated Phosphatidylserine (PS)

4-CPB881Ge21
  • EUR 453.31
  • EUR 244.80
  • EUR 1369.92
  • EUR 536.64
  • EUR 953.28
  • EUR 379.20
  • EUR 3244.80
  • 100 ug
  • 10ug
  • 1 mg
  • 200 ug
  • 500 ug
  • 50ug
  • 5 mg
Description: Recombinant Pan-species Phosphatidylserine expressed in: chemical synthesis

OVA Conjugated Phosphatidylinositol (PI)

4-CPG853Ge21
  • EUR 528.58
  • EUR 265.20
  • EUR 1652.16
  • EUR 630.72
  • EUR 1141.44
  • EUR 429.60
  • EUR 3950.40
  • 100 ug
  • 10ug
  • 1 mg
  • 200 ug
  • 500 ug
  • 50ug
  • 5 mg
Description: Recombinant Pan-species Phosphatidylinositol expressed in: chemical synthesis

OVA Conjugated Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD)

4-CPA716Ra21
  • EUR 496.32
  • EUR 256.80
  • EUR 1531.20
  • EUR 590.40
  • EUR 1060.80
  • EUR 408.00
  • EUR 3648.00
  • 100 ug
  • 10ug
  • 1 mg
  • 200 ug
  • 500 ug
  • 50ug
  • 5 mg
Description: Recombinant Rat Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase expressed in: Protein conjugation

OVA Conjugated Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Like Protein A (PTPLA)

4-CPD612Hu21
  • EUR 271.61
  • EUR 195.60
  • EUR 688.51
  • EUR 309.50
  • EUR 499.01
  • EUR 256.80
  • EUR 1541.28
  • 100 ug
  • 10ug
  • 1 mg
  • 200 ug
  • 500 ug
  • 50ug
  • 5 mg
Description: Recombinant Human Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Like Protein A expressed in: chemical synthesis

OVA conjugated Pepsin (PP)

4-CPA632Hu21
  • EUR 496.32
  • EUR 256.80
  • EUR 1531.20
  • EUR 590.40
  • EUR 1060.80
  • EUR 408.00
  • EUR 3648.00
  • 100 ug
  • 10ug
  • 1 mg
  • 200 ug
  • 500 ug
  • 50ug
  • 5 mg
Description: Recombinant Human Pepsin expressed in: Protein conjugation

OVA conjugated Pepsin (PP)

4-CPA632Hu22
  • EUR 496.32
  • EUR 256.80
  • EUR 1531.20
  • EUR 590.40
  • EUR 1060.80
  • EUR 408.00
  • EUR 3648.00
  • 100 ug
  • 10ug
  • 1 mg
  • 200 ug
  • 500 ug
  • 50ug
  • 5 mg
Description: Recombinant Human Pepsin expressed in: Protein conjugation

OVA Conjugated Pepsin (PP)

4-CPA632Hu23
  • EUR 266.23
  • EUR 194.40
  • EUR 668.35
  • EUR 302.78
  • EUR 485.57
  • EUR 253.20
  • EUR 1490.88
  • 100 ug
  • 10ug
  • 1 mg
  • 200 ug
  • 500 ug
  • 50ug
  • 5 mg
Description: Recombinant Human Pepsin expressed in: Protein conjugation

OVA Conjugated Estriol (E3)

4-CPA455Ge21
  • EUR 496.32
  • EUR 256.80
  • EUR 1531.20
  • EUR 590.40
  • EUR 1060.80
  • EUR 408.00
  • EUR 3648.00
  • 100 ug
  • 10ug
  • 1 mg
  • 200 ug
  • 500 ug
  • 50ug
  • 5 mg
Description: Recombinant Pan-species Estriol expressed in: Protein conjugation

OVA Conjugated Estrone (E1)

4-CPB003Ge21
  • EUR 496.32
  • EUR 256.80
  • EUR 1531.20
  • EUR 590.40
  • EUR 1060.80
  • EUR 408.00
  • EUR 3648.00
  • 100 ug
  • 10ug
  • 1 mg
  • 200 ug
  • 500 ug
  • 50ug
  • 5 mg
Description: Recombinant Pan-species Estrone expressed in: chemical synthesis

OVA conjugated Gastrin (GT)

4-CPB224Hu21
  • EUR 496.32
  • EUR 256.80
  • EUR 1531.20
  • EUR 590.40
  • EUR 1060.80
  • EUR 408.00
  • EUR 3648.00
  • 100 ug
  • 10ug
  • 1 mg
  • 200 ug
  • 500 ug
  • 50ug
  • 5 mg
Description: Recombinant Human Gastrin expressed in: chemical synthesis

OVA conjugated Gastrin (GT)

4-CPB224Hu22
  • EUR 496.32
  • EUR 256.80
  • EUR 1531.20
  • EUR 590.40
  • EUR 1060.80
  • EUR 408.00
  • EUR 3648.00
  • 100 ug
  • 10ug
  • 1 mg
  • 200 ug
  • 500 ug
  • 50ug
  • 5 mg
Description: Recombinant Human Gastrin expressed in: chemical synthesis

OVA Conjugated Afamin (AFM)

4-CPC284Ra21
  • EUR 496.32
  • EUR 256.80
  • EUR 1531.20
  • EUR 590.40
  • EUR 1060.80
  • EUR 408.00
  • EUR 3648.00
  • 100 ug
  • 10ug
  • 1 mg
  • 200 ug
  • 500 ug
  • 50ug
  • 5 mg
Description: Recombinant Rat Afamin expressed in: chemical synthesis

OVA Conjugated Carmine (CM)

4-CPK525Ge21
  • EUR 485.57
  • EUR 253.20
  • EUR 1490.88
  • EUR 576.96
  • EUR 1033.92
  • EUR 400.80
  • EUR 3547.20
  • 100 ug
  • 10ug
  • 1 mg
  • 200 ug
  • 500 ug
  • 50ug
  • 5 mg
Description: Recombinant Pan-species Carmine expressed in: chemical synthesis

OVA Conjugated Ouabain (OB)

4-CPV857Ge21
  • EUR 496.32
  • EUR 256.80
  • EUR 1531.20
  • EUR 590.40
  • EUR 1060.80
  • EUR 408.00
  • EUR 3648.00
  • 100 ug
  • 10ug
  • 1 mg
  • 200 ug
  • 500 ug
  • 50ug
  • 5 mg
Description: Recombinant Pan-species Ouabain expressed in: E.coli

OVA Conjugated Gelsolin (GS)

4-CPA372Hu21
  • EUR 464.06
  • EUR 247.20
  • EUR 1410.24
  • EUR 550.08
  • EUR 980.16
  • EUR 386.40
  • EUR 3345.60
  • 100 ug
  • 10ug
  • 1 mg
  • 200 ug
  • 500 ug
  • 50ug
  • 5 mg
Description: Recombinant Human Gelsolin expressed in: Protein conjugation

OVA Conjugated Insulin (INS)

4-CPA448Bo21
  • EUR 266.23
  • EUR 194.40
  • EUR 668.35
  • EUR 302.78
  • EUR 485.57
  • EUR 253.20
  • EUR 1490.88
  • 100 ug
  • 10ug
  • 1 mg
  • 200 ug
  • 500 ug
  • 50ug
  • 5 mg
Description: Recombinant Bovine Insulin expressed in: Protein conjugation

OVA Conjugated Insulin (INS)

4-CPA448Gu21
  • EUR 442.56
  • EUR 242.40
  • EUR 1329.60
  • EUR 523.20
  • EUR 926.40
  • EUR 372.00
  • EUR 3144.00
  • 100 ug
  • 10ug
  • 1 mg
  • 200 ug
  • 500 ug
  • 50ug
  • 5 mg
Description: Recombinant Guinea pig Insulin expressed in: Protein conjugation

OVA Conjugated Insulin (INS)

4-CPA448Po21
  • EUR 266.23
  • EUR 194.40
  • EUR 668.35
  • EUR 302.78
  • EUR 485.57
  • EUR 253.20
  • EUR 1490.88
  • 100 ug
  • 10ug
  • 1 mg
  • 200 ug
  • 500 ug
  • 50ug
  • 5 mg
Description: Recombinant Pig Insulin expressed in: Protein conjugation

OVA Conjugated Motilin (MTL)

4-CPA575Hu21
  • EUR 306.01
  • EUR 205.20
  • EUR 817.54
  • EUR 352.51
  • EUR 585.02
  • EUR 279.60
  • EUR 1863.84
  • 100 ug
  • 10ug
  • 1 mg
  • 200 ug
  • 500 ug
  • 50ug
  • 5 mg
Description: Recombinant Human Motilin expressed in: Protein conjugation

OVA Conjugated Motilin (MTL)

4-CPA575Po21
  • EUR 306.01
  • EUR 205.20
  • EUR 817.54
  • EUR 352.51
  • EUR 585.02
  • EUR 279.60
  • EUR 1863.84
  • 100 ug
  • 10ug
  • 1 mg
  • 200 ug
  • 500 ug
  • 50ug
  • 5 mg
Description: Recombinant Pig Motilin expressed in: Protein conjugation

OVA conjugated Visfatin (VF)

4-CPA638Hu21
  • EUR 496.32
  • EUR 256.80
  • EUR 1531.20
  • EUR 590.40
  • EUR 1060.80
  • EUR 408.00
  • EUR 3648.00
  • 100 ug
  • 10ug
  • 1 mg
  • 200 ug
  • 500 ug
  • 50ug
  • 5 mg
Description: Recombinant Human Visfatin expressed in: Protein conjugation

OVA Conjugated Dopamine (DA)

4-CPA851Ge21
  • EUR 603.84
  • EUR 285.60
  • EUR 1934.40
  • EUR 724.80
  • EUR 1329.60
  • EUR 480.00
  • EUR 4656.00
  • 100 ug
  • 10ug
  • 1 mg
  • 200 ug
  • 500 ug
  • 50ug
  • 5 mg
Description: Recombinant Pan-species Dopamine expressed in: Protein conjugation

OVA Conjugated Oxytocin (OT)

4-CPB052Ge21
  • EUR 507.07
  • EUR 259.20
  • EUR 1571.52
  • EUR 603.84
  • EUR 1087.68
  • EUR 415.20
  • EUR 3748.80
  • 100 ug
  • 10ug
  • 1 mg
  • 200 ug
  • 500 ug
  • 50ug
  • 5 mg
Description: Recombinant Pan-species Oxytocin expressed in: E.coli

OVA Conjugated Galanin (GAL)

4-CPB084Hu21
  • EUR 237.19
  • EUR 187.20
  • EUR 559.49
  • EUR 266.50
  • EUR 412.99
  • EUR 234.00
  • EUR 1218.72
  • 100 ug
  • 10ug
  • 1 mg
  • 200 ug
  • 500 ug
  • 50ug
  • 5 mg
Description: Recombinant Human Galanin expressed in: chemical synthesis

OVA Conjugated Elastin (ELN)

4-CPB337Hu21
  • EUR 271.61
  • EUR 195.60
  • EUR 688.51
  • EUR 309.50
  • EUR 499.01
  • EUR 256.80
  • EUR 1541.28
  • 100 ug
  • 10ug
  • 1 mg
  • 200 ug
  • 500 ug
  • 50ug
  • 5 mg
Description: Recombinant Human Elastin expressed in: chemical synthesis

OVA conjugated Apelin (APLN)

4-CPD066Hu21
  • EUR 496.32
  • EUR 256.80
  • EUR 1531.20
  • EUR 590.40
  • EUR 1060.80
  • EUR 408.00
  • EUR 3648.00
  • 100 ug
  • 10ug
  • 1 mg
  • 200 ug
  • 500 ug
  • 50ug
  • 5 mg
Description: Recombinant Human Apelin expressed in: chemical synthesis

OVA Conjugated Tyrosol (Tyr)

4-CPO752Ge21
  • EUR 496.32
  • EUR 256.80
  • EUR 1531.20
  • EUR 590.40
  • EUR 1060.80
  • EUR 408.00
  • EUR 3648.00
  • 100 ug
  • 10ug
  • 1 mg
  • 200 ug
  • 500 ug
  • 50ug
  • 5 mg
Description: Recombinant Pan-species Tyrosol expressed in: E.coli

OVA Conjugated Leucine (Leu)

4-CPS110Ge21
  • EUR 485.57
  • EUR 253.20
  • EUR 1490.88
  • EUR 576.96
  • EUR 1033.92
  • EUR 400.80
  • EUR 3547.20
  • 100 ug
  • 10ug
  • 1 mg
  • 200 ug
  • 500 ug
  • 50ug
  • 5 mg
Description: Recombinant Pan-species Leucine expressed in: chemical synthesis

OVA Conjugated Glycine (Gly)

4-CPS117Ge21
  • EUR 528.58
  • EUR 265.20
  • EUR 1652.16
  • EUR 630.72
  • EUR 1141.44
  • EUR 429.60
  • EUR 3950.40
  • 100 ug
  • 10ug
  • 1 mg
  • 200 ug
  • 500 ug
  • 50ug
  • 5 mg
Description: Recombinant Pan-species Glycine expressed in: chemical synthesis

OVA Conjugated Taurine (Tau)

4-CPV538Ge21
  • EUR 496.32
  • EUR 256.80
  • EUR 1531.20
  • EUR 590.40
  • EUR 1060.80
  • EUR 408.00
  • EUR 3648.00
  • 100 ug
  • 10ug
  • 1 mg
  • 200 ug
  • 500 ug
  • 50ug
  • 5 mg
Description: Recombinant Pan-species Taurine expressed in: E.coli

OVA Conjugated Heparin (Hep)

4-CPV639Ge21
  • EUR 464.06
  • EUR 247.20
  • EUR 1410.24
  • EUR 550.08
  • EUR 980.16
  • EUR 386.40
  • EUR 3345.60
  • 100 ug
  • 10ug
  • 1 mg
  • 200 ug
  • 500 ug
  • 50ug
  • 5 mg
Description: Recombinant Pan-species Heparin expressed in: chemical synthesis

OVA Conjugated Creatine (Cr)

4-CPV807Ge21
  • EUR 550.08
  • EUR 271.20
  • EUR 1732.80
  • EUR 657.60
  • EUR 1195.20
  • EUR 444.00
  • EUR 4152.00
  • 100 ug
  • 10ug
  • 1 mg
  • 200 ug
  • 500 ug
  • 50ug
  • 5 mg
Description: Recombinant Pan-species Creatine expressed in: E.coli

OVA conjugated Ubiquitin (Ub)

4-CPA164Mi21
  • EUR 496.32
  • EUR 256.80
  • EUR 1531.20
  • EUR 590.40
  • EUR 1060.80
  • EUR 408.00
  • EUR 3648.00
  • 100 ug
  • 10ug
  • 1 mg
  • 200 ug
  • 500 ug
  • 50ug
  • 5 mg
Description: Recombinant Human, Mouse, Rat, Guinea pig, Rabbit, Dog, Pig, Sheep, Horse, Chicken Ubiquitin expressed in: Protein conjugation

OVA Conjugated Copeptin (CPP)

4-CPA365Hu21
  • EUR 496.32
  • EUR 256.80
  • EUR 1531.20
  • EUR 590.40
  • EUR 1060.80
  • EUR 408.00
  • EUR 3648.00
  • 100 ug
  • 10ug
  • 1 mg
  • 200 ug
  • 500 ug
  • 50ug
  • 5 mg
Description: Recombinant Human Copeptin expressed in: Protein conjugation

OVA Conjugated Copeptin (CPP)

4-CPA365Hu22
  • EUR 539.33
  • EUR 267.60
  • EUR 1692.48
  • EUR 644.16
  • EUR 1168.32
  • EUR 436.80
  • EUR 4051.20
  • 100 ug
  • 10ug
  • 1 mg
  • 200 ug
  • 500 ug
  • 50ug
  • 5 mg
Description: Recombinant Human Copeptin expressed in: Protein conjugation

OVA Conjugated Thyroxine (T4)

4-CPA452Ge21
  • EUR 485.57
  • EUR 253.20
  • EUR 1490.88
  • EUR 576.96
  • EUR 1033.92
  • EUR 400.80
  • EUR 3547.20
  • 100 ug
  • 10ug
  • 1 mg
  • 200 ug
  • 500 ug
  • 50ug
  • 5 mg
Description: Recombinant Pan-species Thyroxine expressed in: Protein conjugation

OVA Conjugated Estradiol (E2)

4-CPA461Ge21
  • EUR 496.32
  • EUR 256.80
  • EUR 1531.20
  • EUR 590.40
  • EUR 1060.80
  • EUR 408.00
  • EUR 3648.00
  • 100 ug
  • 10ug
  • 1 mg
  • 200 ug
  • 500 ug
  • 50ug
  • 5 mg
Description: Recombinant Pan-species Estradiol expressed in: Protein conjugation

OVA Conjugated Cortisol (Cor)

4-CPA462Ge21
  • EUR 528.58
  • EUR 265.20
  • EUR 1652.16
  • EUR 630.72
  • EUR 1141.44
  • EUR 429.60
  • EUR 3950.40
  • 100 ug
  • 10ug
  • 1 mg
  • 200 ug
  • 500 ug
  • 50ug
  • 5 mg
Description: Recombinant Pan-species Cortisol expressed in: Protein conjugation

OVA Conjugated Melatonin (MT)

4-CPA908Ge21
  • EUR 496.32
  • EUR 256.80
  • EUR 1531.20
  • EUR 590.40
  • EUR 1060.80
  • EUR 408.00
  • EUR 3648.00
  • 100 ug
  • 10ug
  • 1 mg
  • 200 ug
  • 500 ug
  • 50ug
  • 5 mg
Description: Recombinant Pan-species Melatonin expressed in: Protein conjugation

OVA Conjugated Ghrelin (GHRL)

4-CPA991Hu21
  • EUR 271.61
  • EUR 195.60
  • EUR 688.51
  • EUR 309.50
  • EUR 499.01
  • EUR 256.80
  • EUR 1541.28
  • 100 ug
  • 10ug
  • 1 mg
  • 200 ug
  • 500 ug
  • 50ug
  • 5 mg
Description: Recombinant Human Ghrelin expressed in: Protein conjugation

OVA Conjugated Ghrelin (GHRL)

4-CPA991Mu21
  • EUR 271.61
  • EUR 195.60
  • EUR 688.51
  • EUR 309.50
  • EUR 499.01
  • EUR 256.80
  • EUR 1541.28
  • 100 ug
  • 10ug
  • 1 mg
  • 200 ug
  • 500 ug
  • 50ug
  • 5 mg
Description: Recombinant Mouse Ghrelin expressed in: Protein conjugation

OVA Conjugated Ghrelin (GHRL)

4-CPA991Ra21
  • EUR 271.61
  • EUR 195.60
  • EUR 688.51
  • EUR 309.50
  • EUR 499.01
  • EUR 256.80
  • EUR 1541.28
  • 100 ug
  • 10ug
  • 1 mg
  • 200 ug
  • 500 ug
  • 50ug
  • 5 mg
Description: Recombinant Rat Ghrelin expressed in: Protein conjugation

OVA Conjugated Arginine (Arg)

4-CPB938Ge21
  • EUR 496.32
  • EUR 256.80
  • EUR 1531.20
  • EUR 590.40
  • EUR 1060.80
  • EUR 408.00
  • EUR 3648.00
  • 100 ug
  • 10ug
  • 1 mg
  • 200 ug
  • 500 ug
  • 50ug
  • 5 mg
Description: Recombinant Pan-species Arginine expressed in: chemical synthesis

OVA Conjugated Bilirubin (Bb)

4-CPK522Ge21
  • EUR 485.57
  • EUR 253.20
  • EUR 1490.88
  • EUR 576.96
  • EUR 1033.92
  • EUR 400.80
  • EUR 3547.20
  • 100 ug
  • 10ug
  • 1 mg
  • 200 ug
  • 500 ug
  • 50ug
  • 5 mg
Description: Recombinant Pan-species Bilirubin expressed in: chemical synthesis

OVA Conjugated Quercetin (QT)

4-CPK812Ge21
  • EUR 496.32
  • EUR 256.80
  • EUR 1531.20
  • EUR 590.40
  • EUR 1060.80
  • EUR 408.00
  • EUR 3648.00
  • 100 ug
  • 10ug
  • 1 mg
  • 200 ug
  • 500 ug
  • 50ug
  • 5 mg
Description: Recombinant Pan-species Quercetin expressed in: E.coli

OVA Conjugated Guanosine (GS)

4-CPO134Ge21
  • EUR 496.32
  • EUR 256.80
  • EUR 1531.20
  • EUR 590.40
  • EUR 1060.80
  • EUR 408.00
  • EUR 3648.00
  • 100 ug
  • 10ug
  • 1 mg
  • 200 ug
  • 500 ug
  • 50ug
  • 5 mg
Description: Recombinant Pan-species Guanosine expressed in: chemical synthesis

OVA Conjugated Cysteine (Cys)

4-CPS106Ge21
  • EUR 496.32
  • EUR 256.80
  • EUR 1531.20
  • EUR 590.40
  • EUR 1060.80
  • EUR 408.00
  • EUR 3648.00
  • 100 ug
  • 10ug
  • 1 mg
  • 200 ug
  • 500 ug
  • 50ug
  • 5 mg
Description: Recombinant Pan-species Cysteine expressed in: chemical synthesis

OVA Conjugated Tyrosine (Tyr)

4-CPS112Ge21
  • EUR 496.32
  • EUR 256.80
  • EUR 1531.20
  • EUR 590.40
  • EUR 1060.80
  • EUR 408.00
  • EUR 3648.00
  • 100 ug
  • 10ug
  • 1 mg
  • 200 ug
  • 500 ug
  • 50ug
  • 5 mg
Description: Recombinant Pan-species Tyrosine expressed in: chemical synthesis

OVA Conjugated Levodopa (LDP)

4-CPX083Ge21
  • EUR 539.33
  • EUR 267.60
  • EUR 1692.48
  • EUR 644.16
  • EUR 1168.32
  • EUR 436.80
  • EUR 4051.20
  • 100 ug
  • 10ug
  • 1 mg
  • 200 ug
  • 500 ug
  • 50ug
  • 5 mg
Description: Recombinant Pan-species Levodopa expressed in: E.coli

OVA Conjugated Tretinoin (TT)

4-CPX118Ge21
  • EUR 464.06
  • EUR 247.20
  • EUR 1410.24
  • EUR 550.08
  • EUR 980.16
  • EUR 386.40
  • EUR 3345.60
  • 100 ug
  • 10ug
  • 1 mg
  • 200 ug
  • 500 ug
  • 50ug
  • 5 mg
Description: Recombinant Pan-species Tretinoin expressed in: chemical synthesis

OVA Conjugated Cortisone (COR)

4-CPA067Ge21
  • EUR 496.32
  • EUR 256.80
  • EUR 1531.20
  • EUR 590.40
  • EUR 1060.80
  • EUR 408.00
  • EUR 3648.00
  • 100 ug
  • 10ug
  • 1 mg
  • 200 ug
  • 500 ug
  • 50ug
  • 5 mg
Description: Recombinant Pan-species Cortisone expressed in: Protein conjugation

OVA conjugated Calcitonin (CT)

4-CPA472Hu21
  • EUR 496.32
  • EUR 256.80
  • EUR 1531.20
  • EUR 590.40
  • EUR 1060.80
  • EUR 408.00
  • EUR 3648.00
  • 100 ug
  • 10ug
  • 1 mg
  • 200 ug
  • 500 ug
  • 50ug
  • 5 mg
Description: Recombinant Human Calcitonin expressed in: Protein conjugation

OVA Conjugated Prolactin (PRL)

4-CPA846Ra21
  • EUR 496.32
  • EUR 256.80
  • EUR 1531.20
  • EUR 590.40
  • EUR 1060.80
  • EUR 408.00
  • EUR 3648.00
  • 100 ug
  • 10ug
  • 1 mg
  • 200 ug
  • 500 ug
  • 50ug
  • 5 mg
Description: Recombinant Rat Prolactin expressed in: Protein conjugation

OVA conjugated Bradykinin (BK)

4-CPA874Hu21
  • EUR 496.32
  • EUR 256.80
  • EUR 1531.20
  • EUR 590.40
  • EUR 1060.80
  • EUR 408.00
  • EUR 3648.00
  • 100 ug
  • 10ug
  • 1 mg
  • 200 ug
  • 500 ug
  • 50ug
  • 5 mg
Description: Recombinant Human Bradykinin expressed in: Protein conjugation

OVA Conjugated Histamine (HIS)

4-CPA927Ge21
  • EUR 464.06
  • EUR 247.20
  • EUR 1410.24
  • EUR 550.08
  • EUR 980.16
  • EUR 386.40
  • EUR 3345.60
  • 100 ug
  • 10ug
  • 1 mg
  • 200 ug
  • 500 ug
  • 50ug
  • 5 mg
Description: Recombinant Pan-species Histamine expressed in: Protein conjugation